Education

Yoga Sutra 2.16 Heyam duhkham anagatam Summary Yoga Sutra 2.16 states: “Heyam duhkham anagatam.” This sutra means that future suffering is to be avoided. Analysis Heyam Translation: To be avoided. Meaning: Heyam indicates the action of preventing or eliminating something undesirable. In this context, it refers to the proactive avoidance of future suffering. Duhkham Translation: […]

Yoga Sutra 2.15 Parinama tapa samskara duhkhaih guna vrittih virodhat cha duhkham eva sarvam vivekinah Summary Yoga Sutra 2.15 states: “Parinama tapa samskara duhkhaih guna vrittih virodhat cha duhkham eva sarvam vivekinah.” This sutra explains that for the discerning person, all experiences are ultimately suffering due to the conflicts among the activities of the gunas

Yoga Sutra 2.14 Te hlada paritapa phalah punya apunya hetutvat Summary Yoga Sutra 2.14 states: “Te hlada paritapa phalah punya apunya hetutvat.” This sutra explains that the results of actions (karma) manifest as experiences of pleasure (hlada) and pain (paritapa) due to their virtuous (punya) or non-virtuous (apunya) nature. Analysis Te Translation: These. Meaning: Te

Yoga Sutra 2.13 Sati mule tad vipakah jaty ayur bhogah Summary Yoga Sutra 2.13 states: “Sati mule tad vipakah jaty ayur bhogah.” This sutra explains that as long as the root exists, it will bear fruits in the form of birth, lifespan, and experiences. Analysis Sati Translation: As long as. Meaning: Sati implies the condition

Yoga Sutra 2.12 Sanchita klesha mulah karmasayo drishta adrishta janma vedaniyah Summary Yoga Sutra 2.12 states: “Sanchita klesha mulah karmasayo drishta adrishta janma vedaniyah.” This sutra explains that accumulated actions (karmasaya) rooted in afflictions (kleshas) manifest in visible and invisible births, bringing experiences in life. Analysis Sanchita Translation: Accumulated. Meaning: Sanchita refers to the accumulated

Yoga Sutra 2.11 Dhyana heyas tad vrittayah Summary Yoga Sutra 2.11 states: “Dhyana heyas tad vrittayah.” This sutra explains that the mental modifications (vrittis) causing afflictions can be eliminated through meditation (dhyana). Analysis Dhyana Translation: Meditation. Meaning: Dhyana refers to the practice of focused meditation, where the mind is trained to concentrate on a single

Yoga Sutra 2.10 Te pratiprasava heyah sukshmah Summary Yoga Sutra 2.10 states: “Te pratiprasava heyah sukshmah.” This sutra explains that the subtle forms of the kleshas (afflictions) can be eliminated by tracing them back to their origin. Analysis Te Translation: These. Meaning: “Te” refers to the kleshas, which are the afflictions or obstacles that cause

Yoga Sutra 2.9 Sva-rasa-vahi vidushah api tatha rudho abhiniveshah Summary Yoga Sutra 2.9 states: “Sva-rasa-vahi vidushah api tatha rudho abhiniveshah.” This sutra describes abhiniveshah (clinging to life or fear of death) as an intrinsic fear that persists even in the wise. Analysis Sva-rasa-vahi Translation: Flowing through its own nature. Meaning: Sva-rasa-vahi indicates that this fear

Yoga Sutra 2.8 Dukha anu shayi dvesha Summary Yoga Sutra 2.8 states: “Dukha anu shayi dvesha.” This sutra explains that dvesha (aversion) is the affliction that follows from experiences of pain (dukha). Analysis Dukha Translation: Pain. Meaning: Dukha refers to unpleasant experiences or sensations that cause suffering and discomfort. These can be physical, emotional, or

Yoga Sutra 2.7 Sukha anu shayi raga Summary Yoga Sutra 2.7 states: “Sukha anu shayi raga.” This sutra explains that raga (attachment) is the affliction that follows from experiences of pleasure (sukha). Analysis Sukha Translation: Pleasure. Meaning: Sukha refers to pleasurable experiences or sensations. These can be physical, emotional, or mental pleasures that provide a

Yoga Sutra 2.6 Drig darsana shaktyor eka atmata iva asmita Summary Yoga Sutra 2.6 states: “Drig darsana shaktyor eka atmata iva asmita.” This sutra describes asmita (egoism) as the false identification of the seer (drig) with the instruments of seeing (darsana shaktyor), resulting in the mistaken belief that they are one and the same. Analysis

Yoga Sutra 2.5 Anitya ashuchi dukha anatmasu nitya shuchi sukha atmakhyatir avidya Summary Yoga Sutra 2.5 states: “Anitya ashuchi dukha anatmasu nitya shuchi sukha atmakhyatir avidya.” This sutra defines avidya (ignorance) as the misperception that impermanent, impure, painful, and non-self aspects of existence are permanent, pure, pleasurable, and the true self. Analysis Anitya Translation: Impermanent.

Yoga Sutra 2.4 Avidya kshetram uttaresam prasupta tanu vicchinna udaranam Summary Yoga Sutra 2.4 states: “Avidya kshetram uttaresam prasupta tanu vicchinna udaranam.” This sutra explains that ignorance (avidya) is the field in which all other kleshas (afflictions) grow, whether they are dormant, weak, intermittent, or fully active. Analysis Avidya Translation: Ignorance. Meaning: Avidya is the

Yoga Sutra 2.3 Avidya asmita raga dvesha abhiniveshah pancha klesha SummaryYoga Sutra 2.3 states: “Avidya asmita raga dvesha abhiniveshah pancha klesha.” This sutra identifies the five kleshas (afflictions) that are the root causes of human suffering and obstacles in the path of spiritual growth. Analysis Avidya Translation: Ignorance. Meaning: Avidya is the fundamental ignorance or

Yoga Sutra 2.2 Samadhi bhavana arthah klesha tanu karanarthah cha Summary Yoga Sutra 2.2 states: “Samadhi bhavana arthah klesha tanu karanarthah cha.” This sutra highlights the dual purposes of yoga practice: to cultivate a state of samadhi (deep meditative absorption) and to attenuate the afflictions or obstacles (kleshas) that hinder spiritual progress. Analysis Samadhi Bhavana

Yoga Sutra 2.1 Tapas svadhyaya Ishvara pranidhanani kriya yogah Summary Yoga Sutra 2.1 states: “Tapas svadhyaya Ishvara pranidhanani kriya yogah.” This sutra outlines the practice of Kriya Yoga, which includes discipline (tapas), self-study (svadhyaya), and devotion to the divine (Ishvara pranidhana). Analysis: Tapas: Translation: Literally means “heat” or “austerity”. Meaning: Tapas refers to disciplined practices

Yoga Sutra 1.51 tasyāpi nirodhe sarva-nirodhān nirbījaḥ samādhiḥ Summary Yoga Sutra 1.51, “tasyāpi nirodhe sarva-nirodhān nirbījaḥ samādhiḥ,” translates to “Upon the cessation of even these impressions, seedless samadhi is attained.” This Sutra describes the ultimate state of meditation where all mental impressions are dissolved, leading to a state of pure consciousness. Analysis of the Sutra

Yoga Sutra 1.50 tajjaḥ saṃskāro’nya-saṃskāra-pratibandhī Summary Yoga Sutra 1.50, “tajjaḥ saṃskāro’nya-saṃskāra-pratibandhī,” translates to “The impressions produced by this wisdom prevent other impressions from arising.” This Sutra highlights the transformative power of higher wisdom in overriding and neutralizing previous mental impressions or samskaras. Analysis of the Sutra tajjaḥ (Produced by This): “Tajjaḥ” refers to the impressions

Yoga Sutra 1.49 śruta-anumāna-prajñābhyām anya-viṣayā viśeṣārthatvāt Summary Yoga Sutra 1.49, “śruta-anumāna-prajñābhyām anya-viṣayā viśeṣārthatvāt,” translates to “This wisdom is distinct from and beyond the insights gained from hearing or inference.” This Sutra emphasizes the unique and superior nature of direct intuitive knowledge compared to knowledge acquired through traditional means. Analysis of the Sutra śruta (Hearing): “śruta”

Yoga Sutra 1.48 ṛtambharā tatra prajñā Summary Yoga Sutra 1.48, “ṛtambharā tatra prajñā,” translates to “Therein lies the wisdom filled with truth.” This Sutra highlights the attainment of a state of consciousness where the mind is filled with intuitive wisdom that aligns with the fundamental truth of existence. Analysis of the Sutra ṛtambharā (Filled with

Yoga Sutra 1.47 Nirvichara-vaisharadye ‘dhyatma-prasadah Summary Yoga Sutra 1.47, “Nirvichara-vaisharadye ‘dhyatma-prasadah,” translates to “Upon attaining clarity in Nirvichara Samadhi, there is the grace of the inner self.” This Sutra highlights the profound inner clarity and grace that arise from deep, uninterrupted meditation. Analysis of the Sutra Nirvichara (Without Inquiry): “Nirvichara” refers to a state of

Yoga Sutra 1.46 Tā eva sabījaḥ samādhiḥ Summary Yoga Sutra 1.46, “Tā eva sabījaḥ samādhiḥ,” translates to “These (states) are with seed (sabīja) samādhi.” This Sutra explains that the meditative states discussed previously are still associated with seeds of mental impressions and are not the final stage of samādhi. Analysis of the Sutra Tā eva

Yoga Sutra 1.45 sūkṣma-viṣayatvaṁ cāliṅga-paryavasānam Summary Yoga Sutra 1.45, “sūkṣma-viṣayatvaṁ cāliṅga-paryavasānam,” translates to “The subtlety of objects extends up to the unmanifest.” This Sutra describes the depth of meditation, where the focus can penetrate the subtlest levels of existence, reaching the unmanifested state. Analysis of the Sutra sūkṣma-viṣayatvaṁ (Subtlety of Objects): “Sūkṣma-viṣayatvaṁ” refers to the

Yoga Sutra 1.44 Etayaiva savicārā nirvicārā ca sūkṣma-viṣayā vyākhyātā Summary Yoga Sutra 1.44, “Etayaiva savicārā nirvicārā ca sūkṣma-viṣayā vyākhyātā,” translates to “By this (preceding explanation), the deliberative (savichara) and non-deliberative (nirvichara) meditations on subtle objects are also explained.” This Sutra elaborates on the deeper states of meditative absorption involving subtle objects. Analysis of the Sutra

Yoga Sutra 1.43 Smṛti-pariśuddhau svarūpa-śūnye vārtha-mātra-nirbhāsā nirvitarkā Summary Yoga Sutra 1.43, “Smṛti-pariśuddhau svarūpa-śūnye vārtha-mātra-nirbhāsā nirvitarkā,” translates to “When the memory is purified, the mind appears to be devoid of its own nature and only the object of meditation shines forth, this is nirvitarkā samāpatti (non-deliberative absorption).” This Sutra describes a state of meditation where the

Yoga Sutra 1.42 Tatra śabdārtha-jñāna-vikalpaiḥ saṅkīrṇā savitarkā samāpattiḥ Summary Yoga Sutra 1.42, “Tatra śabdārtha-jñāna-vikalpaiḥ saṅkīrṇā savitarkā samāpattiḥ,” translates to “In this state, the mind is mixed with word, meaning, and knowledge, leading to savitarkā samāpatti (deliberative absorption).” This Sutra describes a meditative state where the mind engages in a deliberative process involving words, their meanings,

Yoga Sutra 1.41 Kṣīṇa-vṛttir abhijātasyeva maṇer grahītṛ-grahaṇa-grāhyeṣu tat-stha-tad-añjanatā samāpattiḥ Summary Yoga Sutra 1.41, “Kṣīṇa-vṛttir abhijātasyeva maṇer grahītṛ-grahaṇa-grāhyeṣu tat-stha-tad-añjanatā samāpattiḥ,” translates to “When the mind, free from distractions, becomes as clear as a crystal, it attains the ability to reflect the perceiver, the process of perception, and the object perceived.” This Sutra describes the state of

Yoga Sutra 1.40 Paramāṇu Paramamahattvānto’sya Vaśīkāraḥ Summary Yoga Sutra 1.40, “Paramāṇu Paramamahattvānto’sya Vaśīkāraḥ,” translates to “His mastery extends from the smallest atom to the greatest magnitude.” This Sutra highlights the yogi’s ability to achieve mental mastery over both the minutest and the most expansive objects through meditation. Analysis of the Sutra Paramāṇu (Smallest Atom): “Paramāṇu”

Yoga Sutra 1.39 Yathābhimata-Dhyānād-Vā Summary Yoga Sutra 1.39, “Yathābhimata-Dhyānād-Vā,” translates to “Or by meditating on anything that one finds elevating.” This Sutra suggests that mental stability and focus can be achieved by meditating on any object or concept that resonates deeply with the individual. Analysis of the Sutra Yathābhimata (Anything One Finds Elevating): “Yathābhimata” means